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Multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease: 3D visualizations

Zhonghua Sun

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 254-270 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0153-7

摘要： Multislice computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease due to its reduced invasiveness and high spatial and temporal resolution. As a reliable alternative to conventional angiography, multislice CT angiography has been recognized as the method of choice for detecting and diagnosing head and neck vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism. In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, although invasive coronary angiography still remains as the gold standard technique, multislice CT angiography demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy; in selected patients, it is considered as the first-line technique. The imaging diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is based on a combination of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization tools to enhance the diagnostic value. This is facilitated by reconstructed visualizations which provide additional information about the extent of the disease, an accurate assessment of the spatial relationship between normal structures and pathological changes, and pre-operative planning and post-procedure follow-up. The aim of the present article is to present an overview of the diagnostic performance of various 2D and 3D CT visualizations in cardiovascular disease, including multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering, and virtual intravascular endoscopy. The recognition of the potential value of these visualizations will assist clinicians in efficiently using the multislice CT imaging modality for the diagnostic management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

关键词： cardiovascular disease multislice computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction diagnosis visualization

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Circulating microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 404-418 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0379-2

摘要：

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that have important and potent capacities to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In the past several years, the aberrant expressions of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system have been widely reported, and the crucial roles of some special miRNAs in heart development and pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases have been gradually recognized. Recently, it was discovered that miRNAs are presented in peripheral circulation abundantly and stably. This has raised the possibility of using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for diseases. Furthermore, some studies demonstrated that circulating miRNAs may serve as novel extracellular communicators of cell-cell communication. These discoveries not only reveal the functions of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular system but also inform the development of miRNAs therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of circulating miRNAs in a variety of cardiovascular diseases from biomarkers to therapeutic targets to clearly understand the roles of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular system.

关键词： microRNA cardiovascular disease biomarkers therapeutic target

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Potential functions of esophageal cancer-related gene-4 in the cardiovascular system

Rui Zhou, Yuanshu Liu, Wenjun Huang, Xitong Dang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 639-645 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0701-0

摘要： Esophageal cancer-related gene-4 ( ) is cloned from the normal epithelium of the esophagus. It is constitutively expressed in quiescent epithelial cells and downregulated during tumorigenesis, and expression levels are inversely correlated with the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, validating that is a real tumor suppressor gene. Unlike other tumor suppressor genes that usually encode membrane or intracellular proteins, encodes a 148-amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is tethered on the cell surface in epithelial cells, specialized epithelial cells, and human leukocytes, where it can be processed tissue dependently into several small peptides upon cell activation. Ecrg4 is expressed in a wide variety of other cells/tissues, including cardiomyocytes and conduction system of the heart，, the glomus cells of the carotid body, adrenal glands, choroid plexus, and leukocytes among others, where it exerts distinct functions, such as promoting/suppressing inflammation, inducing neuron senescence, stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, maintaining the stemness of stem cells, participating in the rhythm and rate control of the heart, and possibly gauging the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system (CVS) to hypoxia, in addition to tumor suppression. Here, we briefly review the latest discoveries on Ecrg4 and its underlying molecular mechanisms as a tumor suppressor and focus on the emerging roles of Ecrg4 in the CVS.

关键词： tumor suppressor gene esophageal cancer-related gene-4 cardiovascular disease hypoxia

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 35-40 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0171-0

摘要：

Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies show that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production through “the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,” more specifically via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). In the current study, the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during septic shock, hypertension, and myocardial infarction is reviewed, and its possible clinical implications in cardiovascular diseases are discussed.

关键词： α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cardiovascular diseases baroreflex sensitivity

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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China

Jun-Jie XIAO MD, Yi-Han CHEN MD, PhD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 16-20 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0007-8

摘要： Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause one third of all deaths in China, and the number is anticipated to double by 2020. They also greatly result in disability and adjusted life year loss. The prevalence of CVD has become a new burden for China, due to an aging population, smoking, and changes in dietary habits and lifestyles. As the largest developing country, China needs to tailor her own national policies for managing CVD with full consideration of epidemiology, local needs, and affordability. Smoking cessation, increased physical activity, control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and maintenance of a “traditional Chinese” diet should be important strategies for reducing the burden of CVD in China. Health officials in China should take their responsibilities to implement educational and preventive measures seriously.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases prevalence China risk factors prevention

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国外重大慢性非传染性疾病防治对策研究

张祝琴,刘德培

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 112-116 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.019

摘要：

重大慢性非传染性疾病包括心脑血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等，其流行给全球居民健康造成了重大威胁。为进一步对慢性病进行有效预防控制，促进健康、推动经济和社会发展，2014年中国工程院立项并开展了“重大慢性非传染性疾病防治的国际对比研究”项目，对国内外慢性病预防控制情况以及可供我们借鉴的经验进行了详细分析。本文从慢性病发病概况入手，分析了各种疾病的预防控制措施，并对不同国家的慢性病预防控制体系进行比较，凝练有益经验和方法，提出了增强我国慢性病预防控制的措施和建议。

关键词：慢性病心脑血管疾病癌症呼吸系统疾病糖尿病疾病预防控制体系

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IgG N-糖基心血管年龄独立于真实年龄精准表征心血管事件风险 Article

武志远, 郭政, 郑雨露, 王玉涛, 张海平, 潘慧颖, 李志伟, Lois Balmer, 李霞, 陶丽新, 郭秀花, 王嵬

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 99-107 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.004

摘要：

亚临床动脉粥样硬化和代谢紊乱是心血管健康的重要风险因素，应用免疫球蛋白G（IgG）N-聚糖模式作为炎症指标表征其发病风险已有研究报道。然而，对于IgG N-糖基谱在心血管疾病（CVD）风险分层中的能力仍然未知。本研究旨在利用IgG N-糖基标志物开发追踪心血管疾病风险的年龄指数。本研究基于横断面调查，从Busselton健康和老龄研究中共招募1465名40~70岁之间的个体。使用机器学习递归特征消除和惩罚回归算法逐步筛选特征糖基，并开发IgG N-糖基化心血管年龄（GlyCage）指数，以反映归因于心血管风险的与真实年龄间的偏差。结果显示，对GlyCage指数贡献最大的是具有双分叉N-乙酰葡萄糖胺（GlcNAc）的岩藻糖基化N-聚糖（GP6, FA2B）和具有双分叉GlcNAc的双半乳糖基化N-聚糖（GP13, A2BG2）。GlyCage独立于真实年龄，与较高的Framingham十年心血管风险[优势比（OR）为1.09；95% CI: 1.05~1.13]和患心血管疾病概率（OR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01~1.13）显著相关。GlyCage大于真实年龄三年及以上的个体，其心血管风险和心血管疾病患病概率增加，调整后的OR值分别为2.22（95% CI：1.41~3.53）和2.71（95% CI: 1.25~6.41）。GlyCage指数区分十年心血管风险和事件的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）值分别为0.73和0.65，而真实年龄为0.65和0.63。因此，本研究开发的GlyCage指数利用IgG N-糖基谱追踪心血管健康水平。GlyCage和真实年龄之间的差距能够独立地表征心血管风险，提示IgG N-糖基化在心血管疾病的发病机制中起作用。GlyCage指数对心血管风险的预测能力需要在其他人群中进行外部和纵向验证。

关键词： IgG N-糖基心血管年龄心血管年龄免疫球蛋白G 糖基化炎症特征选择机器学习

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Therapeutic application of hydrogen sulfide donors: the potential and challenges

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 18-27 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0427-6

摘要：

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a colorless gas smelling of rotten egg, has long been considered a toxic gas and environment hazard. However, evidences show that H₂S plays a great role in many physiological and pathological activities, and it exhibits different effects when applied at various doses. In this review, we summarize the chemistry and biomedical applications of H₂S-releasing compounds, including inorganic salts, phosphorodithioate derivatives, derivatives of Allium sativum extracts, derivatives of thioaminoacids, and derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide cardiovascular cancer hypertension

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轴向零泊松比结构心血管支架的设计、3D打印与表征 Article

王程锦, 张磊, 方永聪, 孙伟

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第7期页码 979-990 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.013

摘要：

药物洗脱支架固有的缺陷促进了生物可吸收心血管支架的研究与发展。近年来，增材制造技术（也称3D打印技术）在医疗器械领域得到了广泛的应用。本文提出了一种新型的微螺杆挤出式3D打印系统，并利用该系统制备了一种具有零泊松比（ZPR）结构的支架。首先进行了初步的单丝挤出试验来研究合适的制造参数；随后，制备了具有不同几何结构的3D打印支架，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析支架表面形貌；最后，对不同参数的3D打印支架进行了力学性能评价和初步的生物学评价。总之，基于微螺杆挤出式3D打印系统具有制备个性化支架的潜力。

关键词：增材制造 3D打印螺杆挤出心血管支架零泊松比

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心血管植入材料及器械的研究与进展

王云兵

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第12期页码 1707-1709 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.011

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糖尿病前期成年人综合健康生活方式与糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和死亡的关联——中美英四队列研究 Article

涂周正, 卢琪, 张言博, 舒哲, 赖雨薇, 马梦男, 夏鹏飞, 耿婷婷, 陈俊祥, 李越, 吴林晶, 欧阳静, 戎志, 丁雄, 韩旭, 陈朔华, 何美安, 张晓敏, 刘烈刚, 邬堂春, 吴寿岭, 刘刚, 潘安

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 141-148 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.010

摘要：然而，健康生活方式与心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease, CVD）、癌症和死亡的长期风险之间的关联尚不清晰。

关键词：糖尿病前期生活方式糖尿病心血管疾病癌症死亡

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Poor adherence to P2Y12 antagonists increased cardiovascular risks in Chinese PCI-treated patients

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 53-61 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0502-2

摘要：

Low adherence to secondary prevention medications (ATM) of patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, literature provides limited data on assessment of ATM and risks associated with poor in Chinese patients with ACS. In the current work, ATM was assessed in consecutively recruited patients with ACS in Tongji Hospital from November 5, 2013 to December 31, 2014. A total of 2126 patients were classified under low adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)<50%) and high adherence (PDC>50%) groups based on their performance after discharge. All patients were followed up at the 1st, 6th, and 12th month of discharge while recording ATM and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Bivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with ATM. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between ATM and MACE within one year after discharge. Results showed that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone had significantly lower proportion of high adherence to P2Y12 antagonists (83.0% vs. 90.7%, P<0.01) than patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) only. Moreover, in patients undergoing PCI, high adherence to P2Y12 antagonists decreased the risk of MACE (hazard ratio=0.172, 95% confidence interval: 0.039–0.763; P=0.021). In conclusion, PCI-treated patients are more prone to remaining adherent to medications than CABG-treated patients. High adherence to P2Y12 antagonists was associated with lower risk of MACE.

关键词： acute coronary syndromes adherence to secondary prevention medications clinical outcome

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2型糖尿病患者的身体活动、久坐行为与心血管疾病患病风险的关系——MIDiab研究 Article

武亚飞, 秦贵军, 王桂侠, 刘礼斌, 陈兵, 管庆波, 袁中尚, 侯旭, 高聆, 徐潮, 张海清, 张栩, 李秋, 宋勇峰, 景斐, 马世瞻, 邵珊珊, 赵萌, 郭庆玲, 童南伟, 赵红燕, 谢晓敏, 刘超, 单忠艳, 成志锋, 余学峰, 陈述林, 杨涛, 王颜刚, 李冬梅, 闫朝丽, 郭立新, 姬秋和, 王文绢, 赵家军

《工程（英文）》 2023年第20卷第1期页码 26-35 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.013

摘要：患者的中等至剧烈强度身体活动（Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, MVPA）时间和久坐（sedentary, SED）时间与心血管疾病（cardiovasculardisease, CVD）风险及多种因素[即血压（blood pressure, BP）、体重指数（body mass index, BMI）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein

关键词： 2型糖尿病身体活动久坐时间心血管疾病

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赵家军：2型糖尿病患者的身体活动、久坐行为与心血管疾病风险的关系：MlDiab研究（2023年2月21日）

2023年03月02日

关键词：营养健康

et’s disease in a Chinese population

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 354-359 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0234-2

摘要：

Beh?et’s disease is defined as a multisystemic inflammatory disease. Although the precise pathogenesis and etiology is still a mystery, accumulating evidence shows that genetic variants of immune-related genes have a profound influence on the development of Beh?et’s disease. To explore the genetic factors for Beh?et’s disease, our group investigated the association of Beh?et’s disease with multiple immune response genes and has identified multiple Beh?et’s disease-related immunoregulatory pathways in the Chinese Han population. A large number of gene polymorphisms were studied including STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, OPN, IL17, JAK2, MCP-1, CTLA4, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TGRBR3, CCR6, PTPN22, FCRL3, IRF5, SUMO4 and UBAC2. Significant associations were found between Beh?et’s disease and STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, MCP-1, TGFBR3, FCRL3, SUMO4, UBAC2. These genetic predisposition studies support an important role for both lymphocyte differentiation as well as ubiquitination pathways. These findings are helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of Beh?et’s disease and hopefully will allow the development of novel treatment regimes.

关键词： Beh?et’s disease SNPs immune gene genetic study